Communication consists of transmitting information from one person to another. In fact, many scholars of communication take this as a working definition, and use Lasswell's maxim, "who says what to whom in what channel with what effect," as a means of circumscribing the field of communication theory.
History of Communication TheoryIn the history of philosophy, Aristotle first addressed the problem of communication and attempted to work out a theory of it in The Rhetoric. He was primarily focused on the art of persuasion.
Humanistic and rhetorical viewpoints and theories dominated the discipline prior to the twentieth century, when more scientific methodologies and insights from psychology, sociology, linguistics and advertising began to influence communication thought and practice.
Communication Theory Framework
It is helpful to examine communication and communication theory through one of the following viewpoints:
Mechanistic: This view considers communication to be a perfect transaction of a message from the sender to the receiver. (as seen in the diagram above)
Psychological: This view considers communication as the act of sending a message to a receiver, and the feelings and thoughts of the receiver upon interpreting the message.
Social Constructionist (Symbolic Interactionist): This view considers communication to be the product of the interactants sharing and creating meaning.
Systemic: This view considers communication to be the new messages created via “through-put”, or what happens as the message is being interpreted and re-interpreted as it travels through people.
It is helpful to examine communication and communication theory through one of the following viewpoints:
Mechanistic: This view considers communication to be a perfect transaction of a message from the sender to the receiver. (as seen in the diagram above)
Psychological: This view considers communication as the act of sending a message to a receiver, and the feelings and thoughts of the receiver upon interpreting the message.
Social Constructionist (Symbolic Interactionist): This view considers communication to be the product of the interactants sharing and creating meaning.
Systemic: This view considers communication to be the new messages created via “through-put”, or what happens as the message is being interpreted and re-interpreted as it travels through people.
Some of the Communication theories are,
By Harold Lasswell (1948): Lasswell was a political scientist. His theory states the following, “Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect.”
By Harold Lasswell (1948): Lasswell was a political scientist. His theory states the following, “Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect.”
By Shannon and Weaver: Shannon and Weaver produced a general model of communication and they suggested that all communication must have six elements such as source, encoder, message, channel, decoder and receiver.
Schramm’s Model: In his model Schramm provides the additional concept of “field of experience” which refers to the kind of attitude, which two people maintain towards each other while interacting. He says that communication is two-way and includes “feedback” in his model.
Westley and MacLean’s Model: Westley and MacLean realized that communication begins when a person responds selectively to his physical surroundings. In their model they considered feedback and said that communication is not always between two people rather it is more than just two people. Also they talked about different modes of communication like interpersonal, mass mediated communication etc.
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